Movements

Movement =**Flexion**= Flexion is the process in which the joint angle is decreased. For example: when one flexes one's elbow, he or she moves his hand closer to his shoulder, thus decreasing the elbow angle.



^Eric Flexing his Amazing Arms.^

=Extension= Extension is the process in which the joint angle is increased and a part of the body is moved away from each other.For example: When one extends his leg muscles his foot is moving away from his butt and his knee angle is increasing.

Eric extending his enormous legs.

=Dorsiflexion= Dorsiflexion is simply a more specific type of flexion. It is a movement in which the toes are brought closer to the shins and the ankle angle is decreased.

=Plantarflexion= Plantarflexion is the opposite of dorsiflexion and occurs when the toes move away from the shins.

=Hyperextension= This movement is an unnatural kinesis in which a joint is extended to far causing intense stress on one's joint. Many ballet dancers hyperextend their joints while performing. =Abduction and Adduction= Abduction is the movement of a limb away from the sagittal (middle) plane of the body. Adduction is the movement of a limb towards the sagittal (middle) plane of the body.

=Rotation= Rotation is simply a circular movement around the longitudinal axis of the bone. =Circumduction= Circumduction is the circular movement of a limb like a helicopter or whilst swimmng.



=Pronation and Supination= Pronation can occur in both the arms and legs. It is a rotational movement of either the forearm or foot that causes the arm to face away from the shoulders. Supination can occur in both the arms and legs. It is a rotational movement of either the forearm or foot that causes the arm to face towards the shoulders.

=Eversion and Inversion= Eversion is the movement of the sole of your foot away from the medial plane. Inversion is the movement of the sole o your foot towards the medial plane.

=Retraction and Protraction= Retraction is the movement of the body in which your head represses backwards. Protraction is the opposite.

=Elevation and Depression= Elevation simply put when a part of your body is elevated up. For example: the shoulder shrug. Depression simply put when a part of your body is lowered.. For example: the movement after the shoulder shrug.